Chinese characters : Query result

Character: 陲

Modern (Beijing) reading: chuí

Preclassic Old Chinese: d(h)oj

Classic Old Chinese: d(h)waj

Western Han Chinese: d(h)waj

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ́(h)we

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)we

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)we

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ́(h)we

Middle Chinese: ʒ́we

English meaning : far end

Russian meaning[s]: 邊陲 граница; пограничная область

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 410

Karlgren code: 0031 b-c

Character: 隄

Modern (Beijing) reading: dī

Preclassic Old Chinese: tē

Classic Old Chinese: tē

Western Han Chinese: tē

Eastern Han Chinese: tiē

Early Postclassic Chinese: tiēj

Middle Postclassic Chinese: tiēj

Late Postclassic Chinese: tiēj

Middle Chinese: tiej

English meaning : bank, dyke [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дамба, плотина; 2) предупреждать; остерегаться

Comments: There is also an irregular reading mod. tí (reflected also in Min dialects: Xiamen the², Fuzhou thi² - a late loan from Mandarin?).

Radical: 170

Four-angle index: 5865

Karlgren code: 0866 g

Character: 雁

Modern (Beijing) reading: yàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋrāns

Classic Old Chinese: ŋrānh

Western Han Chinese: ŋrānh

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋrānh

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄̀n

Middle Chinese: ŋạ̀n

English meaning : wild goose

Russian meaning[s]: казарка белолобая (Anser albifrons); дикий гусь (символ письма); обр. гонец

Comments: For *ŋ- cf. Min forms: Xiamen gan⁶, Chaozhou ŋaŋ⁴, Fuzhou ŋaŋ⁶, Jianou ŋaiŋ⁶.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 172

Four-angle index: 866

Karlgren code: 0186 a-b

Shijing occurrences: 34.3_

Character: 雅

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǎ

Preclassic Old Chinese: ŋrāʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ŋrā́

Western Han Chinese: ŋrā́

Eastern Han Chinese: ŋrǟ́

Early Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄́

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄́

Late Postclassic Chinese: ŋạ̄́

Middle Chinese: ŋạ́

English meaning : proper, refined; a k. of song and dance

Russian meaning[s]: 1) изящный, изысканный; 2) просвещенный, культурный; 3) правильный, канонический, классический; 4) вежл. Ваш; 5) издавна; исконный, давнишний; обычно, постоянно; с последующим отрицанием никогда; 6) оды (2-я и 3-я часть Шицзин); 7) очень, весьма; 8) Я (фамилия); [yā] ворона, вм. 鴉

Comments: For *ŋ- cf. Xiamen, Fuzhou ŋa³, Chaozhou ŋia³. Sometimes (since Han) used as a loan for 鴉 q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 172

Four-angle index: 867

Karlgren code: 0037 g

Go-on: ge

Kan-on: ga

Japanese reading: ge;ga;miyabiyaka;motoyori;karasu

Vietnamese reading: nhã

Character: 雄

Modern (Beijing) reading: xióng

Preclassic Old Chinese: whǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: whǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: whǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: whǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: whɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: whɨŋ

Middle Chinese: ɦüŋ

English meaning : male of birds and small animals

Russian meaning[s]: 1) петух; птица-самец; самец; 2) мужественный, сильный; воинственный; геройский

Comments: For *wh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen hiɔŋ², Chaozhou hioŋ², Fuzhou hüŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 172

Four-angle index: 907

Karlgren code: 0887 l

Shijing occurrences: 33.1, 33.2

Character: 集

Modern (Beijing) reading: jí

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝp

Classic Old Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝp

Western Han Chinese: ʒ(h)ǝp

Eastern Han Chinese: ʒ(h)jǝp

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jip

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jip

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʒ(h)jip

Middle Chinese: ʒjip

English meaning : to come together, settle, perch; achieve

Russian meaning[s]: 1) собираться; вместе; собрание, сборище; рынок, ярмарка; 2) собирать, составлять; сборник, собрание сочинений; сборный, сводный; 3) смешиваться; 4) согласие, гармония; 5) закончить; закончиться успехом; 6) стая птиц на дереве; сесть (о птице)

Shuowen gloss: #:群鳥在木上也從#木.集:#或省,

Comments: Also written as 輯 in Shi. This is somewhat confusing, because 輯 must have been originally a graphic variant of a synonymous, but phonetically different 揖 *ćip 'to cluster together' (q.v.). It is quite probable that the confusion of 輯 and 集 must be due to later scribes. Originally 集 must have had a sibilant *ʒ(h)- and a labial vowel - both because of external parallels and the relationship with 萃 OC *ʒuts < *ʒup-s 'to collect, assemble'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 172

Four-angle index: 5174

Karlgren code: 0691 a-c

Go-on: zifu

Kan-on: sifu

Shijing occurrences: 2.1

Character: 雇

Modern (Beijing) reading: gù

Preclassic Old Chinese: kāʔs

Classic Old Chinese: kāh

Western Han Chinese: kāh

Eastern Han Chinese: kāh

Early Postclassic Chinese: kā̀

Middle Postclassic Chinese: kā̀

Late Postclassic Chinese: kā̀

Middle Chinese: kò

English meaning : to hire [Han]

Russian meaning[s]: нанимать; наемный; [hù] см. 扈

Comments: The original meaning of the graph was "a bird resembling a graph" (actually written as 扈 in the classics). The word *kāʔ-s 'to hire' (derived from 賈 *kāʔ 'merchant, buy' q.v.) appears only since Han.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 172

Four-angle index: 912

Karlgren code: 0053 d-f

Character: 雯

Modern (Beijing) reading: wen

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 雲

Modern (Beijing) reading: yún

Preclassic Old Chinese: whǝn

Classic Old Chinese: whǝn

Western Han Chinese: whǝn

Eastern Han Chinese: whǝn

Early Postclassic Chinese: whɨn

Middle Postclassic Chinese: whɨn

Late Postclassic Chinese: whɨn

Middle Chinese: ɦün

English meaning : cloud

Russian meaning[s]: 1) облако, туча; кучно; 2) сокр. провинция Юньнань; Юнь (фамилия)

Comments: For *wh- cf. Min forms: Xiamen hun², Chaozhou hŋ², Fuzhou huŋ².

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Radical: 173

Four-angle index: 8672

Karlgren code: 0460 b

Jianchuan Bai: ŋü7

Dali Bai: vu7

Bijiang Bai: mɨ7-

Shijing occurrences: 47.2

Character: 韌

Modern (Beijing) reading: ren

Radical: 0

Four-angle index: 0

Character: 項

Modern (Beijing) reading: xiàng

Preclassic Old Chinese: g(h)rōŋ

Classic Old Chinese: g(h)rōŋ

Western Han Chinese: grōŋ (~ ɣ-)

Eastern Han Chinese: grōŋ (~ ɣ-)

Early Postclassic Chinese: gọ̄ŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Postclassic Chinese: gọ̄ŋ (~ ɣ-)

Late Postclassic Chinese: gọ̄ŋ (~ ɣ-)

Middle Chinese: ɣạ́uŋ

English meaning : neck, stretch the neck

Russian meaning[s]: 1) тыльная часть шеи; шея; 2) пункт, рубрика; абзац; статья; денежная сумма; счетный суффикс дел, денежных сумм; 3) мат. член; 4) род, сорт, категория; счетный суффикс категорий; 5) большой, мощный; 6) Сян (фамилия)

Comments: A later meaning (connected with the original "neck"?) is 'class, rank, category'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8064

Karlgren code: 1172 y

Vietnamese reading: hạng

Character: 順

Modern (Beijing) reading: shùn

Preclassic Old Chinese: luns

Classic Old Chinese: lwǝnh

Western Han Chinese: lwǝnh

Eastern Han Chinese: źwǝnh

Early Postclassic Chinese: źwɨ̀n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: źwɨ̀n

Late Postclassic Chinese: źwɨ̀n

Middle Chinese: źwìn

English meaning : to follow, agree; be agreeable, compliant; favorable

Russian meaning[s]: 1) следовать; идти по...; по; 2) последовательный, по порядку; 3) соглашаться; слушаться, быть покорным; послушный; благонамеренный; 4) благоприятный; благополучный; приятный; быть по сердцу; удобный; попутный; кстати; 5) мягкий

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8090

Karlgren code: 0462 c

Character: 須

Modern (Beijing) reading: xū

Preclassic Old Chinese: so

Classic Old Chinese: o̥

Western Han Chinese: swa

Eastern Han Chinese: sjwa

Early Postclassic Chinese: sjwo

Middle Postclassic Chinese: sjwo

Late Postclassic Chinese: sjwo

Middle Chinese: sjü

English meaning : beard, whiskers; place name

Russian meaning[s]: 1) должно, следует, необходимо, обязательно; нужно; нуждаться в...; 2) ждать, медлить; остановиться; 3) в конечном счете; во всяком случае; решительно; 4) вероятно, пожалуй; 5) древн. усы; 6) древн. сюй (название травы); 7) Сюй (фамилия)

Comments: Also used for homonymous *so 'to wait'; *so 'necessary'. Viet. tua is a rather archaic loan (going back to the Han-time form *sjwa) with a specialized meaning: 'fringe, tassel; feelers (of certain animals)'. Standard Sino-Viet. is tu. Schüssler reconstructs *s-n- in this xie-sheng series, probably because of the identity 須 = 需 'wait' q.v.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 181

Four-angle index: 8103

Karlgren code: 0133 a-c

Vietnamese reading: tua

Shijing occurrences: 34.4, 39.4

Character: 飧

Modern (Beijing) reading: sūn

English meaning : cooked cereal

Russian meaning[s]: ужин; пища; есть

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 5788

Karlgren code: 0436 a

Character: 飪

Modern (Beijing) reading: rěn

Russian meaning[s]: хорошо сварить; состряпать

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 296

Karlgren code: 0667 p

Character: 飯

Modern (Beijing) reading: fàn

Preclassic Old Chinese: banʔ

Classic Old Chinese: bán

Western Han Chinese: bán

Eastern Han Chinese: bwán

Early Postclassic Chinese: bwán

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bwǝ́n

Late Postclassic Chinese: bwǝ́n

Middle Chinese: bwǝ́n

English meaning : eat; meal; give to eat [LZ]

Russian meaning[s]: вареный рис; рисовая каша; еда, пища, стол; [fǎn] есть, кушать; кормить

Comments: Also read *banʔ-s, MC bwǝ̀n, Pek. fàn "cooked rice or millet". For *b- cf. Xiamen pŋ⁶, Chaozhou puŋ⁶, Fuzhou puoŋ⁶, Jianou püiŋ⁶.

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 5963

Karlgren code: 0262 i

Character: 飩

Modern (Beijing) reading: tún

Preclassic Old Chinese: dūn

Classic Old Chinese: dwǝ̄n

Western Han Chinese: dwǝ̄n

Eastern Han Chinese: dwǝ̄n

Early Postclassic Chinese: dwǝ̄n

Middle Postclassic Chinese: dwǝ̄n

Late Postclassic Chinese: dwǝ̄n

Middle Chinese: don

English meaning : dumpling [Tang]

Russian meaning[s]: 餛飩 ушки (пельмени) с куриным мясом (в супе)

Comments: Attested within a late diesheng 餛飩. For *d cf. Chaozhou tuŋ⁴, Fuzhou toŋ⁶ (both reflecting a variant MC *dón).

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 7244

Character: 飲

Modern (Beijing) reading: yǐn

Preclassic Old Chinese: ʔǝmʔ

Classic Old Chinese: ʔǝ́m

Western Han Chinese: ʔǝ́m

Eastern Han Chinese: ʔǝ́m

Early Postclassic Chinese: ʔím

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ʔím

Late Postclassic Chinese: ʔím

Middle Chinese: ʔím

English meaning : to drink

Russian meaning[s]: 1) пить, глотать; напиток; выпивать; выпивка; 2) скрывать, таить в себе; 3) подвергнуться, пострадать от...; 4) утопить, погрузить(ся); [yìn] поить

Comments: Also read *ʔǝmʔ-s, MC ʔìm (FQ 於禁) 'to give to drink'.

Sino-Tibetan etymology: Sino-Tibetan etymology

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 4810

Karlgren code: 0654 a

Jianchuan Bai: ɨ̃1

Dali Bai: ɣɨ1

Bijiang Bai: ɨ̃1

Shijing occurrences: 39.2, 39.3

Character: 飭

Modern (Beijing) reading: chì

Preclassic Old Chinese: srhǝk

Classic Old Chinese: r̥ǝk

Western Han Chinese: r̥ǝk

Eastern Han Chinese: r̥ǝk

Early Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨk

Middle Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨk

Late Postclassic Chinese: ṭhɨk

Middle Chinese: ṭhik

English meaning : to strengthen, confirm; make ready

Russian meaning[s]: 1) дать приказание, распорядиться, приказать; 2) запрещать; 3) исправлять; приводить в порядок; направлять

Comments: A somewhat specialized usage of this word ('decree') was later usually denoted by the character 敕 (originally also written with the radical/phonetic 力).

Radical: 184

Four-angle index: 4729

Karlgren code: 0921 g

Vietnamese reading: sắc

Character: 馮

Modern (Beijing) reading: píng

Preclassic Old Chinese: bǝŋ

Classic Old Chinese: bǝŋ

Western Han Chinese: bǝŋ

Eastern Han Chinese: bǝŋ

Early Postclassic Chinese: bɨŋ

Middle Postclassic Chinese: bɨŋ

Late Postclassic Chinese: bɨŋ

Middle Chinese: biŋ

English meaning : to walk across; to make solid

Russian meaning[s]: 1) переходить реку вброд; 2) опираться, полагаться, вм. 憑; 3) скакать галопом; [féng] Фэн (фамилия)

Comments: Also has a late MC reading büŋ, Mand. féng 'a personal name'. For *b cf. Xiamen, Chaozhou paŋ², Fuzhou piŋ².

Dialectal data: Dialectal data

Radical: 187

Four-angle index: 4595

Karlgren code: 0899 d

Vietnamese reading: băng